Not only nouns and adjectives, but also Sanskrit pronouns encode case, gender, and number like English him his
(case 2 & 6), he it she (gender M N F), I we (sg pl), but 7 cases x 3
genders x 3 numbers (dual!) and mostly all filled out. English is a
pile of shards from the great collapsing tower of Proto Indo European
pronouns, if Sanskrit is any measure. Certainly there's no enormous
hole like English has, unable to distinguish singular and plural you,
except in dialects with y'all (SE US) and you'ns (Pittsburgh). If
you're into pronouns, here's the limit.
(As elsewhere, bold font encodes
redundancy: a non-bold element re-uses a first-occurrence, bold
element in the same column of the same paradigm, or the same
column-and-row of a different paradigm.)
1st person (उत्तमपुरुष्)
Goldman p71
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | Ordinal |
Nom | aham | aavaam | vayam | v1 |
Acc | maam | maa | aavaam | asmaan | nah | v2 |
Instr | mayaa | aavaabhyaam | asmaabhih | v3 |
Dat | mahyam | me | aavaabhyaam | asmabhyam | nah | v4 |
Abl | mat | aavaabhyaam | asmat | v5 |
Gen | mama | me | aavayoh | asmaakam | nah | v6 |
Loc | mayi | aavayoh | asmaasu | v7 |
2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष्)
Goldman p72
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | Ordinal |
Nom | tvam | yuvaam | yuuyaam | v1 |
Acc | tvaam | yuvaam | yuSmaan | vah | v2 |
Instr | tvayaa | yuvaabhyaam | yuSmabhih | v3 |
Dat | tubhyam | te | yuvaabhyaam | yuSmabhyam | vah | v4 |
Abl | tvat | yuvaabhyaam | yuSmat | v5 |
Gen | tava | te | yuvayoh | yuSmaakam | vah | v6 |
Loc | tvayi | yuvayoh | yuSmaasu | v7 |
| |
Masculine 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष्)
Goldman p83
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | Ordinal |
Nom | sah | tau | te | v1 |
Acc | tam | tau | taan | v2 |
Instr | tena | taabhyaam | taih | v3 |
Dat | tasmai | taabhyaam | tebhyah | v4 |
Abl | tasmaat | taabhyaam | tebhyah | v5 |
Gen | tasya | tayoh | teSaam | v6 |
Loc | tasmin | tayoh | teSu | v7 |
Neuter 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष्)
Goldman p83
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | Ordinal |
Nom | tat | te | taani | v1 |
Acc | tat | te | taani | v2 |
Instr | tena | taabhyaam | taih | v3 |
Dat | tasmai | taabhyaam | tebhyah | v4 |
Abl | tasmaat | taabhyaam | tebhyah | v5 |
Gen | tasya | tayoh | teSaam | v6 |
Loc | tasmin | tayoh | teSu | v7 |
Feminine 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष्)
Goldman p84
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | Ordinal |
Nom | saa | te | taah | v1 |
Acc | taam | te | taah | v2 |
Instr | tayaa | taabhyaam | taabhih | v3 |
Dat | tasyai | taabhyaam | taabhyah | v4 |
Abl | tasyaah | taabhyaam | taabhyah | v5 |
Gen | tasyaah | tayoh | taasaam | v6 |
Loc | tasyaam | tayoh | taasu | v7 |
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